Clinical Report: Case study: Daffy - Alternatively available as a PDF ( 1Mb) download

Tendon Assessment: September 2007
The above named horse presented in good bodily condition with a gentle demeanor. This horse suffered a left superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury in a race in August 2007 and was not fit enough to travel until September.

Clinical Examination
The posterior aspect of the left lower fore limb is grossly distended and is irregular in shape. In addition the leg is externally rotated by approximately 35o. Gentle palpation of the area elicits pain and the horse is 3/5th lame at walk.

Ultrasound Report
Examination: 20th September 2007
(Conducted by David Chapman-Jones)
An ultrasound examination was conducted using a SonoSite MicroMaxx ultrasound unit of both fore digital flexor tendons and surrounding soft-tissue structures.
Left Fore Longitudinal Section
Ultrasound examination of the digital flexor tendons showed the longitudinal fibre alignment in the superficial (SDFT) to be non-existent. There is no recognizable fibrillar pattern of the collagen fibrils where the tendon has suffered a catastrophic injury.

There is a significant amount of free fluid within the tendon and the tendon sheath. The tendon is significantly enlarged. I suspect that in this section of the tendon shown in figure one the tendon is held together by coagulated blood

daffyscan1

Cross-section
The cross-sectional scans show the tendon in transverse section. It is a more accurate way to assess the dimensions of the tendon and also it is easier to visualise the exact location of the tissue damage. These scans show more accurately the extent of any damage to the SDFT and DDFT.

The DDFT has been pushed laterally by the enlargement of the SDFT. The tissue is very hypoechogenic (dark) which suggests that there has been a complete disintegration of the normal tissue structure which normally should be reasonable homogenous in its echogenicity (even density). There is a significant degree of free fluid which is currently adjacent to the inside wall of the tendon sheath and also within the damaged tendon tissue itself.

daffyscan2

Right Longitudinal Section
Throughout the majority of the length of the SDFT there is patchy fibre alignment. Generally the tissue is hypoechogenic than would be expected. The DDFT looks normal
Cross-section
The tissue density in the SDFT is satisfactory but is showing signs of strain. The SDFT is slightly enlarged in its medio-lateral dimensions.

Summary
Scanning a horse with a relatively acute injury with the extent of damage this horse has suffered to its left SDFT presents problems because it is difficult to clearly and accurately differentiate between tissue debris, blood, free fluid and the intact tissue that remains. It addition even light pressure on the tendon from the transducer head is often painful.
There is little or no recognizable tissue or fibre pattern in the lower third of the SDFT until it reaches close to its insertion point. The tendon is grossly enlarged which is mainly due to the presence of fluid within the tendon sheath and also infiltrating the tendon substance itself. However, much of the collagen fibrils and the normal tissue matrix have been damaged.
The horse is relatively comfortable given the extent of the injury. The attending veterinarian prescribed a course of pain relieving medication.

Daffy Case-study continued

Contact David :- Phone: 01227 700168 Mobile: 07718 539910 email David
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